Data & methodology
Reported ≠ Comparable*
* not always
Disclosures differ in scope, production basis, reporting period and ownership. Skarn applies defined treatment to create more consistent comparisons, with source data, estimates and confidence visible.
Coverage
The commodities we cover.
13 Commodities. 700+ Companies. 2000+ assets. We provide global coverage, modelled one asset at a time.
- Aluminium, alumina & bauxite
- Cobalt
- Copper
- Gold
- Iron ore
- Lead
- Lithium
- Metallurgical coal
- Nickel
- PGMs
- Silver
- Steel
- Zinc
Carbon
Scope 1 and 2 emissions at the asset, plus freight and downstream processing, on a consistent boundary.
Energy
Energy intensity and its sources, from diesel and natural gas to grid power.
Water
Asset-level water balance: withdrawal, consumption and discharge in local climate context.
Why asset level matters
Company averages hide the assets that drive them.
Two companies with the same average intensity can own very different assets. Building from the asset up shows where performance comes from, and makes company and portfolio comparisons meaningful.
- Company views aggregate the assets they own
- Portfolio views aggregate assets you choose
- The same model supports every view
Illustrative asset · Drivers
Illustrative dataCarbon intensity, 2030
2.63tCO₂e / t Cu
Confidence
| Driver | Share | tCO₂e per tonne |
|---|---|---|
| Grid power | 1.12 | |
| Diesel | 0.84 | |
| Other Scope 1 | 0.38 | |
| Freight | 0.29 |
Sources
- Company sustainability report
- Asset production data
- Grid emission factors
From disclosure to comparable intelligence
The work behind a useful number.
A company reports emissions for its mine and concentrator, in copper-in-concentrate, on its financial year. Skarn extends the boundary, restates the units and aligns the period, then checks the result against energy inputs.
- Reported: emissions reported for mining and concentrate production, using company-specific units and year-end.
- Normalised: review system boundaries and units; account for processing stages; align periods and reconcile energy inputs.
- Comparable: a defined production basis, source trail and confidence indication for peer comparison.
From disclosure to benchmark
Illustrative dataReported · Company disclosure
- Scope 1 + 2 emissions
- 412 kt CO₂e
- Production basis
- Copper in concentrate
- Boundary
- Mine and concentrator only
- Reporting year
- FY ending June
Normalised · Skarn treatment
- Boundary
- Add freight, smelting and refining (E1)
- Units
- Per tonne of refined copper equivalent
- Period
- Aligned to calendar year
- Check
- Reconciled with energy inputs
Comparable · Benchmark result
2.63tCO₂e / t Cu (E1)
38th percentile of 44 copper assets · High confidence
Water
An asset-level water balance.
Skarn balances withdrawal, consumption and discharge at each site, using the Skarn mine production database and georeferenced climate data, and overlays water stress, watershed and precipitation context.
Methodology in practice
Ask how a specific number was built.
We can walk you through the basis, sources and limitations for a relevant asset or commodity.